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<text><pub_time>2008-11-13 17:15:35</pub_time><isHtml>html</isHtml><state>1</state><text_content><![CDATA[<p><font style="font-size: 20px; font-family: 宋体"><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;客家岁时风俗</strong></font></p>
<p><font style="font-size: 20px; font-family: 宋体"><font style="font-size: 18px; font-family: 宋体">&nbsp;&nbsp; 客家人的岁时习俗大致上包括全国性的传统岁序节俗，地方性神明和杂神的崇拜。透过这些民间习俗，可以探索到客家民系文体的一些来源。<br style="font-family: " />
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br style="font-family: " />
&nbsp;&nbsp; 主要岁时节日：<br style="font-family: " />
&nbsp;&nbsp; 1.春节：春节大致可以分为三个阶段：从入年界到除夕为准备阶段；年初一到年初五为过年阶段；年初六到元宵节为余兴阶段。较特别的活动有送年，打弹煤，蒸岁饭，食年酒，守岁，开大门，拜年，游乐活动等。<br style="font-family: " />
&nbsp;&nbsp; 2.立春：即交春。此时民间一般备香案,烧香照烛,放鞭炮、高升炮,贴上&quot;迎春接福&quot;,&quot;春临福至&quot;等红笺，名为&ldquo;接春&rdquo;。<br style="font-family: " />
&nbsp;&nbsp; 3.元宵节：正月十五是中国民间传统的元宵节。元宵节吃元宵，玩灯，赏灯，猜灯谜。客家民间城市乡村到处点缀着各种花灯，十分美丽。汀州风俗元宵节前，做母亲的要送莲花灯给出嫁而未生孩子的女儿，灯谐&ldquo;丁&rdquo;音，取&ldquo;送丁，添丁&rdquo;之意。各地元宵节大同小异。<br style="font-family: " />
&nbsp;&nbsp; 4.惊蛰：汀州民间有两种习俗与卫生有关。一是炒豆子，或在热水中煮连毛芋子，二是在橱脚桌脚，柱脚，墙脚等处撒一些石灰。两者都是为了灭虫。<br style="font-family: " />
&nbsp;&nbsp; 5.春社，秋社：农村长期以来有在社日祭祀土地神，五谷神风俗。往往迎神,&ldquo;撑社&rdquo;打醮,祈求年成丰盛。<br style="font-family: " />
&nbsp;&nbsp; 6.清明：客家扫墓习俗多从春分开始，清明达到高潮，延续到谷雨前后，约一个月左右。先醮众墓后醮家墓。立夏过后扫墓则称&ldquo;祭野鬼&rdquo;。<br style="font-family: " />
&nbsp;&nbsp; 7.端午：客家普遍称为五月节。节日前几日,以竹叶包糯米做粽子,亲友互赠。节日主要内容是吃粽子，雄黄酒，龙舟赛，用&ldquo;药把水&rdquo;洗浴，以桃树枝挂门首以避邪等。<br style="font-family: " />
&nbsp;&nbsp; 8.入伏：城乡许多人家熬&ldquo;仙人冻&rdquo;吃。<br style="font-family: " />
&nbsp;&nbsp; 9.食新：即尝新米。一般是在小暑过后，逢卯日食新。乡下将新割的稻谷碾成米后，做好饭供祀五谷大神和祖先，然后人人一同吃尝新酒。城市一般买少量新米与老米同煮，加上新上市的蔬菜等。供品有苦瓜，丝瓜，茄子等。俗谓苦瓜保佑大家，丝家保佑全家老少，茄保佑老婆。<br style="font-family: " />
&nbsp;&nbsp; 10.七月七：客家有关于&ldquo;七夕乞巧&rdquo;和&ldquo;牛郎织女&rdquo;的传说，但与此有关的习俗较少。民间有在屋外夜里坐观天象的活动。一些妇女有&ldquo;姐妹会&rdquo;。汀州民间有聚餐请先生的习俗。<br style="font-family: " />
&nbsp;&nbsp; 11.中元节：也即鬼节。客家的中元节是在农历七月十四日。长汀俗称&ldquo;七月节&rdquo;或&ldquo;七月半&rdquo;十三十四吃荤，十五吃素。有蒸糕点&ldquo;结缘&rdquo;，&ldquo;接太公太婆&rdquo;,&ldquo;烧包&rdquo;,&ldquo;烧夜香&rdquo;等旧俗。汀城原有上刀梯的风俗。中元节迷信色彩较浓，今旧俗逐渐淡薄。<br style="font-family: " />
&nbsp;&nbsp; 12.中秋：民间通称八月节。吃月饼，赏月等风俗大体各地相同。中秋之夜，民间尚有几种与月有关的习俗，近似巫术，如&ldquo;伏花，啄月姑，跳担杆，旋水碗&rdquo;等。<br style="font-family: " />
&nbsp;&nbsp; 13.重阳节：客家人叫&ldquo;九月节&rdquo;。有的山村又叫&ldquo;兜尾节&rdquo;，认为它是一年中最后一个重要节日。乡间一般炸各种糕点，杀鸡鸭，城市则较简单加加餐。登高，饮菊花酒是传统习俗。<br style="font-family: " />
&nbsp;&nbsp; 14.十月半：十月十五下元节，又叫完冬节。农村常做糍粑，米果，芋子包，豆腐之类食品，谓&ldquo;做完冬&rdquo;。有些地方有打醮祀神演戏之俗。<br style="font-family: " />
&nbsp;&nbsp; 15.小年夜：农历十二月二十三日，有&ldquo;送灶君爷上天&rdquo;之说。常用糖瓜祭灶，为求&ldquo;把灶王爷的嘴抹甜了，在玉皇大帝面前多奏好事&rdquo;。</font></font></p>]]></text_content><size>4K</size></text></warexml_U0LZ4Q_7227_9897_skh_25>
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